SCI模块化写作 Lesson 4 Introduction

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科研
解螺旋
SCI模块化写作

论文撰写本质上是八股文的艺术再创作过程，有明确格式，从abstract、introduction、result、discussion、reference到写作内容都是有迹可循的。这门课程希望通过把SCI论文的每一个模块进行套路化、模块化，进行讲解，和大家分享如何把SCI论文这样一个非常八股文的内容创作出来。
在论文写作中，一个很重要的常识是，你无论是做了一个小课题还是一个大课题，是想发一个一分的文章评评职称，还是想发一个三十分的文章让全世界科学家认可。这两篇文章的数据和实验水平是明显不同的，但写作的原则是一样的，都是有套路可循的

Introduction简介

写作意义

• 研究背景介绍：Introduction是那种可以慢慢讲述我们的工作很有意义的地方，还是要引起重视。
• 必要的背景知识：指明要研究的科学问题，理论依据和研究目的，以及研究的意义和价值

写作原则：漏斗形

• 从普遍的内容写到特定的
• 语言上基本采用一般现在时，描述研究的现状
• 通过对重要参考文献的讲述，体现本研究的价值
• 专业术语的缩写要在第一次出现时给出全称

写作内容：论述工作的重要性/创新性

• 以疾病的分子机制课题为例：
• 大背景：疾病的重要性
• 小背景：已知的情况有哪些；未知的情况有哪些
• 小小背景：为什么未知的内容很重要
• 论点总结：为什么我们的工作很重要

逻辑是Introduction写作的难点

• 一个错误示例（以马克思主义在北京市臭氧监测及分析中的应用）
  
• 一个比较推荐的模版
  

Introduction写作

研究大背景：所在研究领域的介绍

• 例如肿瘤研究的文章可以先介绍某种肿瘤的概况。包括：疾病的严重情况，临床治疗难度和对其进行治疗的必要性和紧迫性
• XX疾病的重要性
  • XX tumor is a leading cause of cancer mortality in YY(country)
  • XX disease is one of the most common cancers in AA country, with metastasis accounting for the most of the mortality.
• 疾病的严重程度
  • The incidence of XX disease have steadily risen in recent years. It is estimated that numerous people will be diagnosed with XX disease in the next decade.
• 进行本项研究的必要性
  • The high mortality rate of AA tumor is in part due to lack of early detection of BB cancer marker.
  • Resistance to existing therapies in XX tumor in a major problem is YY field.
  • For these reasons, the identification of key molecules involved in XX disease is urgent and highly demanded for improving the clinical outcome.

研究小背景：细化的研究领域介绍

• 比如可以总结研究的分子和cancer的关系，哪些是已知的，哪些是未知的，未知的部份就可以是进行本研究的原因
• One signaling pathway that has been a focus of active research in XX disease is YY
• Previous reports showed that AA pathway is involved in the regulation of BB disease via CC protein
• XX binding to YY receptor/promoter causes downstream activation of the ZZ signaling, resulting in VV disease.
• 本项研究关注的小领域的概括介绍
  • Tumor protein XX is a transcription factor belonging to YY family. All members have conserved domains.
• 小领域和疾病的关系
  • XX protein have been shown to be important is the development is YY disease.
  • XX gene is expressed as multiple isoforms in patients with YY disease.
• 进行本项研究的原因
  • However, whether and how XX protein is involved in the progress of YY disease is unknown.

研究小小背景：分子或概念介绍

• 针对文中提及的分子或概念进行介绍，前人工作发现的介绍，说明自己与别人工作的不同，以及指出别人工作的不足和缺陷在哪里
• Extensive studies have focused on the role of XX in YY signaling pathway, however, some recent findings suggested that XX might be involved in another important pathway.
• Although XX has been reported to play a role in AA progress, the downstream signaling mechanisms were not fully understood.
• 如果我们的工作结果和其他人的结果有不同，也可以写在这个部份。
• 本项研究设计的分子的概括介绍
  • XX is a protein known for its role in YY process. XX is consisted of AA, BB, CC and DD. It is required for the formation of ZZ structure.
• 分子与疾病的关系
  • Ectopic expression(异位表达) of XX protein is able to induce YY disease. XX was reported to affect disease progression through regulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
• 分子和小领域的关系
  • Previous work have shown that both AA and BB were expressed in certain tissues. AA has been implicated in several CC-related signaling pathways.

工作意义

• 我们发现了什么，我们的工作意义在哪里
• 注意不是简单的复制摘要，而是要更多地强掉工作意义
• In the present study, we identified XX
• Our study demonstrated that … , indicating XX as a potential target for therapeutic strategy of YY disease.
• 本项研究的目的
  • To study the role of XX protein in YY disease, we investigated the effect of XX knockdown in disease progression.
• 本项目的发现
  • We found that XX knockdown significantly impaired AA process. BB mediated the role of XX in such process
• 本项目的意义
  • These findings suggest that XX is required to regulate AA in YY process. Therefore, targeting XX-mediated AA pathway is a useful strategy to inhibit tumor progression.